A simple proof of a theorem on (2n)-weak amenability

A simple proof of (2n)-weak amenability of the triangular Banach algebra T= [(A A) (0 A)] is given where A is a unital C*-algebra.Comment: 4 page

The evolution of anisotropies in the elastic response of an elastic-plastic material

The problem of determining the change in a material's symmetries as it undergoes an elastic-plastic deformation is considered. This is interpreted as the problem of evaluating the anisotropies of the current elastic response. The discussion is presented in the context of a particular form of constitutive equation which relates the Cauchy stress to the current value of the deformation gradient and a second order tensor quantity which is a function of the deformation gradient history. A sufficient condition is established for a transformation to be a material symmetry transformation of the current elastic response. This condition relates the minimum symmetries of the current elastic response to the initial material symmetry, the given deformation history, and the structure of the constitutive equation.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30354/1/0000756.pd

Modeling the mechanical response of a material undergoing continuous isothermal crystallization

The gradual transition seen in polymer crystallization is modeled. A constitutive equation is developed to follow the mechanical behavior of a crystallizing polymer before, during, and after the completion of crystallization. The post-crystallization response of the material is studied and shown to be "elastic". The symmetries of the post-crystallization response are defined and calculated for crystallization under several deformation histories.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29975/1/0000338.pd

Insecticidal activity of nanoencapsulated formulation of Artemisia sieberi Besser essential oil on Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

New formulations of botanical insecticides have been developed as an effective and safe compound alternative to synthetic pesticides. Application of nanoencapsulated formulations of pesticides enhance efficiency, quality and controlled release of these substances. In this research, insecticidal activity of essential oil of wormwood sagebrush Artemisia sieberi Besser was investigated on various stages of elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller). The experiments were conducted at 25 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 h (L: D). The formulated essential oil was sprayed on leaves and insects simultaneously. The LC50 value of the formulation was 5279, 3939 and 5169 ppm for eggs, larvae and adults, respectively. Treatment of leaves by nanoencapsulated oil at 3000 ppm caused significant reduction at larval stage compared to control. Our findings suggest that the use of nanoencapsulated essential oil can be effective in the management of elm leaf beetle

Efficacy of nanoencapsulated formulation of essential oil from Carum copticum seeds on feeding behavior of Plutella xylostella (Lep.: Plutellidae)

In order to increase the efficiency of essential oils, the use of formulations with controlled release of the oil encapsulated in micro- and nano-scales would be the best option. In this research, the antifeedant activity of nanoencapsulated essential oil of Carum copticum C. B. Clarke was investigated on Plutella xylostella (L.) larvae. To determine the nutritional indices of the larvae affected by the formulated essential oil, weight of ingested food, larval biomass and weight of feces produced were recorded daily for three days. The experiments were conducted at 27 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH and photoperiod of 16: 8 h light: dark. Results indicated a significant decrease in nutritional indices such as relative consumption rate, relative growth rate, efficacy of conversion of ingested food and efficacy of conversion of digested food as concentration of the oil increased. Moreover, digestibility was decreased significantly, 72 h after feeding. However, feeding deterrence index was not significantly increased as compared with control. The finding led to a conclusion that nanoencapsulated oil has potential to control release of the essential oils and increase in post-ingestive toxicity of the insect

Development of the Persian version of gross motor function measure-88 (GMFM-88): A study of reliability

The aims of this study were to cross-culturally translate and equivalence of Gross Motor Function Measure 88 (GMFM-88) in to Persian and to evaluate its reliability in the 50 children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Our investigation was a none-experimental and methodological study which developed a Persian translation of GMFM-88 based on International Quality of Life Assessment (IQLA) guidelines. Inter-rater reliability was perfumed by comparison of scores recorded by two expert physiotherapists in a blind pattern while inter-rater reliability was assessed by comparison of scores recorded by an expert physiotherapist in two continuous weeks. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate both reliabilities. Additionally internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The ICC was 0.99 for both inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability with 95 Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.99-1. Cronbach�s alpha coefficients for all dimensions of GMFM-88 were ranged 0.78-0.94, which showed an acceptable internal consistency. The Persian version of GMFM-88 which indicated high internal consistency is a reliable instrument to quantifying gross motor function in children with CP and to following efficacy of various rehabilitation and medical treatments in these patients. © 2015 Academic Journals Inc

Changes in material symmetry associated with deformation: Uniaxial extension

When a material which is isotropic with respect to a reference configuration is deformed, it is anisotropic with respect to the deformed configuration. The nature of the anisotropy depends on the deformation. In this paper, we consider the special case of the change of a reference configuration by uniaxial extension. We first discuss the structure of the new material symmetry group, and show that it includes non-orthogonal unimodular transformations. Then using the general representation for the response functional of an isotropic material, we show how to construct a representation of the new response functional which satisfies the restrictions of the new material symmetry group.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27607/1/0000651.pd

Discrepancy of target sites between clinician and cytopathological reports in head neck fine needle aspiration: Did I miss the target or did the clinician mistake the organ site?

The diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of head and neck lesions is relatively high, but cytologic interpretation might be confusing if the sample is lacking typical cytologic features according to labeled site by physician. These errors may have an impact on pathology search engines, healthcare costs or even adverse outcomes. The cytology archive database of multiple institutions in southern Iran and Australia covering the period 2001–2011, were searched using keywords: salivary gland, head, neck, FNAC, and cytology. All the extracted reports were reviewed. The reports which showed discordance between the clinician’s impression of the organ involved and subsequent fine needle biopsy request, and the eventual cytological diagnosis were selected. The cytological diagnosis was confirmed by histology or cell block, with assistance from imaging, clinical outcome, physical examination, molecular studies, or microbiological culture. The total number of 10,200 head and neck superficial FNAC were included in the study, from which 48 cases showed discordance between the clinicians request and the actual site of pathology. Apart from the histopathology, the imaging, clinical history, physical examination, immunohistochemical study, microbiologic culture and molecular testing helped to finalize the target organ of pathology in 23, 6, 7, 8, 2, and 1 cases respectively. The commonest discrepancies were for FNAC of “salivary gland” [total: 20 with actual final pathology in: bone (7), soft tissue (5), lymph node (3), odontogenic (3) and skin (2)], “lymph node” [total: 12 with final pathology in: soft tissue (3), skin (3), bone (1) and brain (1)], “soft tissue” [total: 11 with final pathology in: bone (5), skin (2), salivary gland (1), and ocular region (1)] and “skin” [total: 5 with final pathology in: lymph node (2), bone (1), soft tissue (1) and salivary gland (1)]. The primary physician requesting FNAC of head and neck lesions are incorrect in their clinical impression of the actual site in nearly 0.5 percent of cases, due to the overlapping clinical and imaging findings or possibly due to inadequate history taking or physical examination

Simulation of mechanical response in polymer crystallization

The problem of following the mechanical response of a polymer during crystallization is studied using a theory developed by Negahban and Wineman [1]. Elastic modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio are defined in the context of polymer crystallization. For unconstrained crystallization and crystallization under constant uniaxial stretching, the values of elastic modulus, shear modulus, poisons ratio, and residual stretch are evaluated. The proposed model is fit to data available for natural rubber and the predictions of the model are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/31046/1/0000723.pd

Effects of nanoencapsulated formulation of Cuminum cyminum essential oil on Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Citrus red mite, Panonychus citri McGregor is one of the most important pests of citrus orchards in the world. Due to excessive use of chemical pesticides and development of resistance plus their increasing environmental hazards, the use of essential oils has been highly studied. But the low solubility of essential oils in water, oxidation, in addition to their instability in presence of light, humidity and high temperature has diminished their application. Formulation technology is one of the main strategies that can modify the physical properties and the viability of the essential oils in agricultural pest management programs. In this research, the essential oil of Cuminum cyminum L. was encapsulated by in situ polymerization of oil/water emulsion in nano scale and then the effects of nanoencapsulated essential oil (NEO) were analyzed against P. citri. The results showed that LC50 of NEO's contact toxicity was 743.17 ppm over 24 hours. NEO also affected mortality and decreased oviposition rate in P. citri. NEO had deterrence capacity at 300, 500 and 700 ppm. Moreover, NOE had oviposition deterrence, lowering the number of eggs per female compared to the control. Our finding suggests that high-tech formulations including nanoencapsulation technology can be used as botanical pesticides and as alternatives to chemical pesticides